International Archives of Health Sciences
Volume:10 Issue: 3, Jul-Sep 2023

Knowledge and awareness about the pelvic floor are closely related to knowing the function of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM), identifying the risk factors for the PFM, and providing the diagnosis and treatment of possible problems. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between pelvic floor muscle awareness and urinary incontinence (UI) in young athletes. One hundred eighty athletes between the ages of 18-26 were included in the study, which was designed as a cross sectional. The UI status, pelvic floor health knowledge level, physical activity level and daily life effects related to incontinence of the athletes were evaluated. One way ANOVA test was used to analyze the presence of UI according to physical activity level. The presence of incontinence and pelvic floor awareness by gender were analyzed by t-test in independent groups. There was no correlation between the pelvic floor awareness of young athletes and the presence of UI (p>0.01). It was determined that the athletes with moderate and vigorous physical activity levels experienced more incontinence than those with low-intensity physical activity (p<0.05). It has been concluded that athletes whose daily life is affected due to UI have more pelvic floor awareness (p<0.01). Although there is no relationship between the presence of UI and pelvic floor knowledge and awareness in athletes, pelvic floor awareness is higher in athletes whose daily life is affected due to UI.

Considering the importance of underground water sources, continuous evaluation of their quality should be considered to prevent chemical pollution. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the changes in the chemical quality of water in the Qanats (aqueducts) and wells of Ardestan Plain during the years 1995 to 2019.

This research was conducted retrospectively in 2021 based on the data collected by Ardestan Department of Natural Resources during the period of 1995-2019. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 2016 and compared to Iranian drinking water quality standards.

Data showed that Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and the Total Hardness of well water were increased 367.3, 168.8 respectively. These parameters were increased by 188.1 and 90 mg L-1 for Qanat water, respectively. And other water quality parameters were increased including magnesium, calcium, sulfate, bicarbonate, chloride and Electrical Conductivity (EC).  The trend of TDS and TH showed that in the all of the well water exceeded from the drinking water standard especially in 2019.

Paying attention to the process of chemical changes of water in the Ardestan plain reminds us that in the future, water sources will be at risk of damage, especially in the low-altitude parts of the plain.

To assess the effectiveness of a nutrition education intervention between the control and experimental groups of school-going girls. Using multistage random sampling, a school-based pre-post quasi-experimental study was conducted among 472,10-19-year-old adolescent girls in Lucknow, India. The respondents were divided into a control group (CG) and an experimental group (EG). EG was exposed to a self-designed documentary on topics related to a balanced diet, while CG was not. Most girls had inadequate knowledge pre-intervention (t(471) =10.8,p<.001) in both CG and EG. Post-intervention scores improved significantly [t(471)=8.496,p=.00]. The number of respondents with "inadequate" knowledge decreased from 130 to 79 in EG, while those with "adequate" knowledge increased from 34 to 86. Overall, the findings underscore the effectiveness of audio-visual aid in filling the knowledge gap among adolescent girls in a school setting. It also emphasizes the need to implement customised and targeted nutrition education programmes for adolescent girls. The results show that knowledge levels of respondents were below average, which upon nutrition education intervention, improved. Hence, the same can effectively improve nutrition literacy among adolescents.

In recent years, due to the inappropriate quality of distributed water by the public water network in many parts of Iran, especially in the central areas, the use of desalinated water has been widely developed. Therefore, for any planning and intervention, it is very important to have information about the current situation and social, cultural and economic factors affecting this development. As a result, this study was conducted with the aim of Investigating the rate and factors of approach to desalinated water in Kashan and Aran-Bidgol cities in 2018.

This study is an ecological study on the samples of Kashan and Aran-Bidgol people. The tool is a questionnaire completed over the phone. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS16 software.

About 83.2% of the samples in Kashan and Aran-Bidgol cities use desalinated water for drinking, cooking and tea making, 44.2% of the samples use a small household water purifier and 39% buy purified water from sales centers. The filtration technology in both categories is reverse osmosis.

In the studied cities, the salty taste of water taken from the public network and samovar sediments are the most important reasons for consumers to switch to purified water, and demographic characteristics such as age, gender, educational and economic level, etc. did not play a significant role in this approach.

Contamination of vegetables with heavy metals through contaminated water can lead to accumulation in the body of consumers. This study aimed to determine the heavy metal concentration in vegetables grown in Babol city, Iran.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 32 samples of vegetables (parsley, spinach, basil, tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes, onions, and beans) by random sampling in the harvest season of 2021. Heavy metal content was assessed by atomic absorption.

The highest mean concentration of copper, zinc, cadmium and lead in tested samples was 12.86, 68.67, 1.93, and 0.48 mg/kg fresh weight, respectively, which found in parsley and spinach samples. There was a significant difference between the mean concentrations of copper, zinc and lead among different vegetables (P <0.001), but no significant difference was observed in the case of cadmium. The highest risk of non-cancerous diseases (HQ) for Zn in parsley and spinach were higher than threshold value of 1, and the main exposure pathway of heavy metals is ingestion.

This study showed that the main part of heavy metal accumulation occurs in leafy vegetables. Therefore, consuming leafy vegetables should be paid more attention to the vegetables grown around industrial areas.

This study compared the effect of agomelatine and sertraline in treating patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This single‑blinded clinical trial was conducted on 52 patients aged 18–65 years with major depression (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) in Kashan in 2020. The Hamilton Rating Scale was randomly assigned agomelatine (25–50 mg/day) or sertraline (50–200 mg/day) for 8 weeks. The main efficacy outcome was considered a mean change of HAM‑D score from the baseline to the end of therapy. The drugs under study effectively reduced depressive symptoms at all time points. As a frequent analysis showed, changes in Hamilton score were found to be significant in both the groups over time (F = 45.48, P < 0.001). Comparing the two groups showed a significant difference, such that score reduction was higher in the sertraline group (F = 4.45, P = 0.04). However, due to the differences between the two groups in terms of age and sex, the data were re‑analyzed using a linear regression analysis with a random effect model approach. After removing the effect of age and sex as two confounding variables, we observed no significant differences between the two groups. Agomelatine is more effective than sertraline in treating MDD.

Air pollutants in dentistry offices may cause problems for the health of staff and patients. Accordingly, the present study was performed to the assessment of bacterial bioaerosols and particulate matter (PM) characteristics in the indoor air of dentistry clinics.

The sampling points were restoration, endodontics, and prosthesis wards. The PM specimens were taken using Grimm Dust Monitor and the microbial specimens were taken using QuickTake 30.

The maximum and minimum PM10 concentration across the different measure wards occurred as 70.31 and 30.32 μg/m3 in the Ketabchi Clinic restoration and its endodontics ward, respectively. The total number of bioaerosols was 2079. Gram‑positive Staphylococcus spp.(872), Gram‑positive Micrococcus spp.(706), and Gram‑negative Bacillus spp.(501) were present in the indoor air. The results showed a significant relationship for PM1 and PM2.5 in each sampling site.

The low PM and bacterial bioaerosols contamination can be due to the coincidence with coronavirus pandemic, as during this period, health and hygienic protocols have been strictly observed.

Estimation of stature from measurements of different human parts is a significant aspect of forensic medicine and forensic osteology to identify unknown individuals. Stature is dependent on several variables including genetics, race, age, geographical location, and climate conditions, so it is necessary to define a robust relationship for different people to aid in the identification of individuals. The current study was carried out to test a correlation between stature and foot parameters in a population from Najafabad, Iran. A total of 206 volunteer adults comprising 106 males and 100 females between the ages of 19 and 38 years were recruited for the study, and measurements of stature, foot length, foot width, medial arch height, lateral malleolus height, medial malleolus height, and navicular height were recorded. Linear regression models were used to estimate stature. The results indicated a positive correlation between stature and foot measurements. Among all parameters, the left foot length (LFL) and right foot width showed the most (r = 0.819) and the least (r = 0.551) relationship with stature, respectively. A strong correlation between stature and foot dimensions was identified that could add a further dimension to the identification of individuals from skeletal parts. The LFL gives the best prediction of stature compared to other foot measurements.